Rohit kumar

Flow chart are used for logic representation. Flow chart is graphical/pictorial representation of programme logic. Three types of flow chart 1 sequential flow chart 2 conditional "          " 3 Iterative/loop "       " ➡ Flow chart are tools to express algorithm. ➡ being graphical in nature they are easier to understand. ➡ Algorithm can be reviewed and corrected easily. ➡ They provide effective algorithm for documentation.

Application software is written to solve a specific data processing task. There are two categories of applications software. 1 Pre written application software 2 User application software Example of applications software are word processing software,spreadsheet software,graphics software,entertainment software.        

                    DBMS stand for "data base management system"the word data base is made up of two word data and Base any row fact or figure is data.Ex- 14,John,4000,12th March 1999 etc... A data base is a collection of interrelated data.for example employee details of an organisation like employees name,employees number,salary,date of joining etc... can be called as data base. A data base management is software systems that allows access to data contained is a data base.objective of the database system is to provide a convenient and affective method of defining,storing and retrieving the information contained in the database.

A spreadsheet is simply a grid of boxes or cells set up in rows and columns.Every cell has a unique address corresponding to its row and column and first row is A1,cell in the third column and fourth.row is c4. Computer can find its way around the spreadsheet using those address and perform functions in the number you enter in those cells.

                A word processor is a software package which helps to enter and edit a document much faster than usual manual ways. A processing of acting on text like,cut,copy,paste,delete etc... are called word processing. Example of same word processor are word star,ms-word etc...some function that are possible using ms-word are given below. 1.Typing out the documents 2.Saving the document 3.Opening an existing document 4.Moving or copying paragraphs from one place in the document to another. 5.Finding the words and replacing them with another word. 6.Searching for spelling errors 7.Printing or sending the document via mail.

                            The software of the computer constitutes of rhe programmes and instructions to be executed.A programme is set of institutions that are arranged in a sequence that guides the computer to solve a problem.The process of riding a programme is called programming. A computer software can be broadly classified in to two categories. 1 System software/programme. 2 Application software/programme 1 system software/programme.  System programme are designed to make the computer easier to use.An example of systems software is operating system which consists of many other programmes for controlling input/output device,memory,processor etc...... 'C' language is broadly used to developed system software.systems software perform one or more of the following function. 1 support to develop application software. 2 support in executive of applications software. 3 monitor various hardware r...

                      Hardware is a physical component of a computer system.This is the actual machine that includes the mechanical,electrical and electronic components. Ex-keyboard,monitor,scanner,printer,hard disk. The hardware of a computer is divided into three major category. 1 CPU which contains arithmetic and logic unit for manipulating data. 2 A number of resister for strong data. 3 control circuit for fetching and executing instructions.

            The upper end of the state of the art mainframe are the supercomputer.These are among the fastest machine in terms of processing techniques were a number of processors are used to solve a problem. Supercomputer are mainly being used for wheather forecasting,image processing,Bio medical application,remote sensing etc... The word length supercomputer is ranging from 64 to 128 bits. Ex- PARM 10000,ROBOT,CRAY,CRAY,NEX-SY2.

Ans- Mainframe computer are mainly 32-bit machine or on the higher site these are suited to big organisation to manage heigh volume application. Mainframe are also used as central host computers in distributed systems.It allows 200 users to work at a time. The mainframe are used to support large data base management system. Ex-DEC1090,cyber 170,IBM360/370,UNIVAC 11000/160,IBM4300 Series.

The term mini computer is originated in 1960s.Initially mini computer were 8-bit machine but by 1970s almost all mini computer were 16-bit machine. 16-bit mini computer was more powerful machine which could be used in variety of applications and could support business applications along with scientific application. The mini computer was used as a multi user system which can be used by various users at the same time.It allows 15 users to work at a time. Gradually the architecture requirements of mini computer grew and 32-bit mini computer developed which was called super mini computer. Ex-PDP-8,VAX7500.etc....

The micro computer originated in let 1970s.The first micro computer were built around 8-bit micro processor. A micro computer CPU is micro processor.These type of computer are called as personal computer as it is a single user system that is only one user can work at a time. Ex-Intel pentium,Zilog Z80,Mos6502,Intel 8080.e.t.c.....

Analog computer don't have ability of digital computer to store data in large quantities,nor do they have the comprehensive logical facilities afforded by programming digital machine.although the arithmetic function perform by the computing unit are more complex in analogue machine than in digital system. Analog machine are design for specific applications but most electrical and electronic analog computer provide a number of different computing devices which can be connected together via plug board or provide different methods of operations for special problem. In digital machine number to be stored to be used in same calculations were represented by physical quantities such as electrical voltage.

A computer does not suffer human trains,tiredness or bore.If 1million calculations has to be performed it will perform the 1million calculations with exactly the same speed and accuracy as the first time.

Limitations of computer (a) It can't think and make any decision on it's own. (b) It cannot perform any thing outside the defined scope. (c) Computer do not have the potential to work out and alternative solution.